Alireza Molaei; Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki
Volume 23, Issue 11 , 2021
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has raised a worldwide trajectory since it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The direct and indirect mortalities in the world and as well as in Iran have increased significantly after the occurrence of this pandemic.
Objectives: In this study, Excess Mortality Rate (EMR) ...
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Background: COVID-19 has raised a worldwide trajectory since it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The direct and indirect mortalities in the world and as well as in Iran have increased significantly after the occurrence of this pandemic.
Objectives: In this study, Excess Mortality Rate (EMR) was estimated by multilevel poison regression method and then this estimation was compared to the historical trends to obtain total deaths related to COVID-19. Additionally, the geographic distribution of EMR has also been presented for Iran.
Methods: All-cause mortality rates of each province of Iran from March 21, 2013 to September 22, 2021 was downloaded from National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR). The data of COVID-19 pandemic period (spring 1399 SH (Mar 20, 2020) to summer 1400 SH (Sep 22, 2021)) was removed from the data and then the multilevel poison model was applied to estimate all-cause mortality in this period. Then, EMR= (real deaths-expected death)/(real deaths) ratio was calculated.
Results: The results of this study showed that Irans EMR in COVID-19 pandemic was 36% (Male=35%, Female=36%, P-value=0.798). Our findings also revealed four category of EMR including low (EMR?30%, n=9), moderate (30 %< EMR?35%, n=8), high (35 %< EMR?40%, n=10) and very high (40 %< EMR, n=4) in different provinces.
Conclusion: Due to the diverse EMR in different provinces of Iran, the type of disease management of provinces with low and moderate EMR can be used as an appropriate model to control EMR in provinces with high and very high EMR.
Reza Mahdian Jouibari; Abolfazl Movafagh; Alireza Molaei
Volume 23, Issue 11 , 2021
Abstract
Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are classed as multifactorial birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that arise during embryonic development. Although the etiology is not well understood, NTDs are reported to be prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy.
Objectives: ...
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Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are classed as multifactorial birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that arise during embryonic development. Although the etiology is not well understood, NTDs are reported to be prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy.
Objectives: This meta-analysis study aimed to assess the association between fetal and maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphisms with the risk of NTDs.
Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, and Springer Link databases were searched (from March 2000 to November 2020) for the literature on the association between MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G polymorphisms with the risk of NTDs.
Results: In total, 33 studies were reviewed in the present study, and it was revealed that, unlike MTRR A66G polymorphism, MTHFR C677T was statistically associated with the risk of NTDs in the overall population. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the Indian subcontinent subgroup with maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the European subgroup with fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly susceptible to NTDs.
Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that, unlike MTRR A66G, maternal and fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were significantly associated with NTDs. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that folic acid deprivation can be considered the main cause of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in some areas.
